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The importance of informal learning at work

The importance of informal learning at work | Vocational education and training - VET | Scoop.it
Elevator pitch
Although early human capital theory recognized the relevance of workers’ experience, its focus was on education and formal training. More recent studies show that much of the performance of newly hired workers is driven by learning by doing or learning from peers or supervisors in the workplace. Descriptive data show that workers learn a lot from the various tasks they perform on the job. Informal learning at work seems to be relevant for all age groups, although it is more meaningful for younger workers’ performance. Informal learning is far more important for workers’ human capital development than formal training courses.


Key findings
Pros
Informal learning is more important to workers’ performance than formal training.

Learning by doing is often an automatic byproduct of productive work.

Informal learning is highly important for workers with temporary contracts.

New hires have a steep performance increase in their first year of employment.

Knowledge spillovers between peers in the workplace contribute to firm productivity.

Cons
Skills acquired through informal learning are less observable by other employers when compared to skills acquired through formal training.

Informal learning involves costs when less proficient workers are less productive in their jobs.

Most firms do not have adequate human resource management strategies to optimize informal learning in the workplace.

The causal effects of informal learning on worker performance are still unclear.

The economic literature on informal learning is underdeveloped.

Author's main message
Steep performance increases among new hires and the large share of work time in which workers perform tasks that impart new skills indicate that informal learning is the main driver of human capital development in the workplace. Knowledge spillovers among co-workers are also an important part of informal learning. Rapidly changing skill demands and rising retirement ages make informal learning even more important for workers’ employability throughout their work life. However, policies still tend to emphasize education and formal training, and most firms dedicate insufficient efforts on optimizing the gains from informal learning at work.
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2018 European inventory on validation of non-formal and informal learning: final synthesis report

Validation of non-formal and informal learning is defined as ‘a process of confirmation by an authorised body that an individual has acquired learning outcomes measured against a relevant standard’.

This stand-alone executive summary presents the main findings of the 2018 edition of the European inventory on validation of non-formal and informal learning.

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European inventory on validation of non-formal and informal learning – 2016 update

European inventory on validation of non-formal and informal learning – 2016 update | Vocational education and training - VET | Scoop.it
This synthesis report forms part of the 2016 update to the European inventory on validation of non-formal and informal learning. It is accompanied by 36 country reports and four thematic reports. The inventory provides a regularly updated overview of validation practices and arrangements in all Member States, EFTA countries and Turkey. The 2016 update is the sixth update (2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2014).
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2016 update of the European inventory on validation published

2016 update of the European inventory on validation published | Vocational education and training - VET | Scoop.it

The synthesis report completes the 2016 update of the European inventory on validation of non-formal and informal learning. The synthesis is accompanied by 36 country and four thematic reports.

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Canada. Characteristics Beyond In/Formality of Ways of Learning for Work: A Case of Knowledge-intense, Geographically-distributed Learning

Canadian Vocational Association / Association canadienne de la formation professionnelle's insight:

This research examines continuing professional learning in the pharmaceutical sales industry.
Pharmaceutical-sales is a knowledge-intense, highly competitive and rapidly changing industry employing a geographically distributed workforce. The varied ways in which agents in this industry continue to learn for work are presented and examined. A framework is developed and employed for exploring and reporting fundamental characteristics of ways of learning beyond designation of in/formality.
Findings include the importance of peer-learning for non-co-located peers, the identification of intentional incidental learning, and a non-traditional role for workplace learning in a knowledge-intense and competitive environment.
http://www.adulterc.org/Proceedings/2011/papers/hunter.pdf

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UNESCO guidelines for the recognition, validation and accreditation of the outcomes of non-formal and informal learning

Canadian Vocational Association / Association canadienne de la formation professionnelle's insight:

The overall aim of these Guidelines is to propose principles and mechanisms that can assist Member States in developing or improving structures and procedures to recognise all forms of learning, particularly the outcomes of non-formal and informal learning. While the Guidelines are not legally binding, Member States’ authorities are expected to make efforts to implement the Guidelines as appropriate to their specific national context. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002163/216360e.pdf

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Critically Reflective Work Behaviour Within Autonomous Professionals’ Learning Communities

Informal learning communities in which participants show critically reflective work behaviour (CRWB) have the potential to support lifelong learning. In practice this behaviour does not always occur in groups of autonomous professionals. The results of this study, combining issues of design and implementation, could contribute to the discussion about the support and set-up of learning communities for autonomous professionals.

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ESCENARIOS FORMALES E INFORMALES DE APRENDIZAJE

ESCENARIOS FORMALES E INFORMALES DE APRENDIZAJE | Vocational education and training - VET | Scoop.it

Cuando los procesos de aprendizaje son incidentales a la actividad cotidiana, muchos escritores llaman ellos “informal”, mientras que la participación en las tareas estructuradas por un profesor es a menudo considerado como formal. Del mismo modo, los enfoques pedagógicos de los docentes controlados de manera más didáctica están etiquetados de modo formal, mientras más democrática, negociados o pedagogías dirigidas por los estudiantes a menudo se describen como informal.


Via Ramon Aragon, juandoming
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Monitoring the use of validation of non-formal and informal learning

Monitoring the use of validation of non-formal and informal learning | Vocational education and training - VET | Scoop.it
Based on data collected for the European inventory project, the report explores the extent to which data are available on different aspects of validation in different education sectors. The results show a lack of comprehensive national statistics on validation, exacerbated in many countries by a lack of a clear regulatory framework on validation and/or mandate for organisations responsible for validation to build up integrated databases or release annual data. A further challenge is the fragmented offer of validation opportunities.
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Make it visible. Improving validation and recognition of learning outside of formal education and training

Make it visible. Improving validation and recognition of learning outside of formal education and training | Vocational education and training - VET | Scoop.it
Validation is the process that makes learning acquired in non-formal and informal settings visible and ‘usable’ for the individual. Whatever they may call it - accreditation of prior learning, prior learning assessment – the underlying principle in validation is that all learning is valuable, irrespective of how or where it has been acquired.
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Re-conceptualizing Learning: A Review of the Literature on Informal Learning

Re-conceptualizing Learning: A Review of the Literature on Informal Learning | Vocational education and training - VET | Scoop.it
Through this review of existing works, this project offers a framework for examining informal learning building on existing works on the subject. The review examines the numerous ways that informal learning occurs, the benefits and drawbacks of these different forms of informal learning, and the implications for equity. The review also discusses the potential ways that informal learning can be measured and recognized so that it translates more directly into value for the learner.
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Africa. Recognition and validation of non-formal and informal learning and NQFs: critical levers for lifelong learning and sustainable skills development: comparative analysis of six African countries

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This paper will focus on four discreet but integrated aspects of the broader education and training system, within the broader context of sustainable development in Africa. It examines generic understandings of validation, recognition and accrediting non-formal and informal learning, the facilitating role that [National Qualification Frameworks] NQFs can and are playing in recognition, the analysis and conclusions from case studies from six African countries, and it concludes with suggestions about how validation and recognition policies and practices of non-formal and informal learning can be key building blocks towards lifelong learning and sustainable skills development in Africa. http://www.adeanet.org/triennale/Triennalestudies/subtheme1/1_3_04_Shirley_STEENEKAMP_en.pdf

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Spain/Catalonia. Evaluation and certification model

Canadian Vocational Association / Association canadienne de la formation professionnelle's insight:

Synthesis of an assessment model and accreditation competences acquired through work experience and other non-formal and informal education, where the candidates aim to obtain a recognition official certification.
https://docs.google.com/file/d/1yibwqA-QtIJnZI4TWLM-1ZEC-z_0lUAaMPF4XGeCd9vGRNdnoTuXnjQtb4g0/edit


Contribution of Rafael Barrio Lapuente
Servei de Planificació i Desenvolupament de RRHH
Direcció de Serveis de Recursos Humans
Area d'Hisenda i Recursos Interns
Barriolr@diba.cat

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